Husband's long absence from home
I have been working in Saudi Arabia for the last five years. According to the terms of my contract, I am entitled to a one month vacation and a ticket every two years. My company stipulates that I cannot bring in my family. Therefore my wife stays home. I have been told that according to Islamic rules, one must not be absent from one's wife for more than six months, otherwise, divorce takes place. I am further told that to stay away from one's wife for more than six months is forbidden. Please comment.
According to Islam, marriage establishes certain rights to and imposes duties on both man and wife. One of the rights of a wife is marital companionship. A woman needs to be looked after by her husband for the personal, physical and social, points of view. She is also entitled to sexual fulfillment. When her husband is away from home for a long period, her sense of lack of fulfillment may weigh down heavily on her.
Once Umar Ibn Al Khattab, the second caliph, was walking through the streets of Madinah to find out how the people fared, as was his habit, when he overheard a woman chanting lines of poetry which described her sense of loss as a result of her husband's absence. He went to his daughter, Hafsah, one of the Prophet's wives, and asked her how long a woman could tolerate the absence of her husband. She told him that four months were the maximum period. Since many Muslims needed to be absent from home, because they were fighting with Muslim armies against Byzantine and Persian empires, Umar sent (directive) to all his commanders that every soldier, is entitled to have a home leave every four months. On the basis of this event, scholars agree that a man may be absent from home, in connection with his work or with some other purpose, for a maximum period of four months, unless his wife freely agrees to a longer period. Many workers and employees are in the same situation as you are. They choose to travel because they get better jobs and they are able to support their families better.
If any of them makes the decision to work abroad in consultation with his wife and she willingly accepts that he may stay away for long periods, then there is nothing wrong with that. If she does not agree to his prolonged absence, he may not exceed four months. However, if he does, his marriage is not dissolved automatically, as was suggested by your friends. His wife may apply to an Islamic court to grant her divorce, and the court may rule in her favor. He does not commit a sin by being absent for a long period, but he is in breach of his duties towards his wife.
Hypocrisy: Actions which indicate hypocrisyWhat sort of actions constitute hypocrisy? What does the Qur'an say about hypocrisy, and how will it be punished?
Hypocrisy is loosely defined as putting up a false appearance. In matters of faith, it describes the sort of actions which are associated with pretending to accept the faith of Islam when a person actually does not. He does so in order to win favor with Muslims and to try to be accepted as one of them. At the time of the Prophet, peace be upon him, there were people in Madinah who claimed to be Muslims when in actual fact they were not. Allah describes these people at the opening of the surah entitled "The Hypocrites" in the following terms:
"When the hypocrites come to you, they say: we bear witness that you are truly Allah's messenger. Allah certainly knows that you are truly His messenger, but Allah bears witness that the hypocrites are indeed liars."
Since hypocrisy is all about pretense, it is very difficult to define who is a hypocrite. However, the Prophet, peace be upon him, has outlined for us some characteristics which are common in all hypocrites. He says: "Three qualities are the mark of hypocrite: he lies when he speaks, he breaks his promises when he has given them and he is unfaithful to his trust." (Related by Muslim). Another version of this Hadith, also related by Muslim, quotes the Prophet, peace be upon him, as saying: "If the following four characteristics are part of a person's character, he is a pure hypocrite. If one of them applies to him, he has a characteristic of hypocrisy until he abandons it: he lies when he speaks, he violates his pledges, breaks his promises and when he quarrels with someone he is shameless."
It should be added that these are indications of hypocrisy. When such qualities are typical of anyone's behavior to the extent that they are a part of his nature, he is almost certainly a hypocrite. They do not necessarily mean that he is a non-believer who pretends to be a Muslim, since a Muslim may have no doubts about the Oneness of Allah and the fact that Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, was Allah's messenger, and still commit one or more of these actions.
When, however, they come naturally to a person, his behavior is that of a hypocrite. These Hadiths, then, serve as a very strong warning against such actions, since they are of the type of actions which a hypocrite does all the time. The Prophet, peace be upon him, is telling us in these Hadiths that a person who does this type of action habitually runs the risk of being a confirmed hypocrite.
When the Qur'an warns and threatens the hypocrites with severe punishments in the Hereafter, the warning is directed to those who pretend to be Muslims when they are not. It is they who will suffer the greatest punishment in the Hereafter, because throughout their lives they tried to subvert the Muslim community, pretending to belong to it when they belong to its enemies.
The Prophet, peace be upon him, was ordered by Allah to accept the claims of the hypocrites and leave their punishment to Allah. The point is that no human being can really tell what is the true conviction of another. It is Allah alone who knows what is in our innermost hearts. Hence, it is up to Him to determine the sort of punishment hypocrites deserve. Those who are hypocritical about their faith will suffer the most grievous of punishments.
| Back | Contents | Next |